PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.